1 INTRODUCTION
1.1) CURRENT STATUS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PROVINCE OF VERBANIA
The current production of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste Province of Verbania is shown in Table 1).
The residual waste, ie waste that remains after the collection in 2007 was 39,000 tons, while in 2012 is expected to drop to about 22,000 tons (v.Tab.1).
1.2) POSSIBLE CASE OF TREATMENT OF WASTE RESIDUO
1.2.1) INCENERIMENTO
L'ipotesi di bruciare queste 22.000 ton/anno di rifiuto residuo in un inceneritore, da costruire in sostituzione di quello di Mergozzo, risulta sconsigliabile per tre motivi:
a) la taglia dell'inceneritore risulterebbe troppo piccola. Infatti i costruttori di inceneritori indicano come capacità minima 300.000 t/a.
- Qualche dato:
l'inceneritore di Brescia tratta 800.000 t/a di rifiuti;
il progettato inceneritore del Gerbido (Torino) dovrebbe trattare 420.000 t/a.
- Costruendo nel Verbanese o province limitrofe un inceneritore da 300.000 t/a si presentano tre possibilità, tutte da scartare:
che si brucino oltre ai rifiuti urbani anche rifiuti industriali con gravi conseguenze sull'ambiente e sulla salute dei cittadini;
oppure che si importino rifiuti da mezza Italia con conseguente inquinamento dell'aria per il trasporto dei rifiuti, oltre all'aumento dei costi per il servizio;
oppure che diminuisca la raccolta differenziata per potere alimentare l'inceneritore;
b) i costs of incinerators are very high: for example, again for the incinerator Gerbido the estimated cost is € 540,000,000
c) incinerator emissions are harmful, since entering the atmosphere dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metal nanoparticles, all substances that are very harmful to human health. Everyone remembers the Campania mozzarella dioxin and dioxin in the milk of Brescia.
d) requires the presence of a landfill service for the storage of residual ash, part of which is highly toxic (representing approximately 25% of the amount incinerated, or about 70,000 t / a)
1.2.2) GASIFICATION
Of gasifiers little is known. They work at lower temperature than the incinerators, or about 500 to 600 ° C. In Europe there is only one installed. In Italy there is no regulation for this type of equipment. There are no known costs. Very little is known about the gaseous emissions.
1.2.3) PAYMENT IN LANDFILL
Some propose that the existing landfills and Barengo Ghemme are being expanded quella di Domodossola chiusa, una delle due o tutte e due. E' una cattiva soluzione, tra tutte la peggiore, perché le eventuali fuoriuscite di percolato inquinano le falde freatiche sottostanti. Anche dal punto di vista economico sono sconsigliabili perché rappresentano lo spreco totale del materiale. Notevoli sono anche i costi della bonifica della discarica a fine vita. Per questi motivi le popolazioni locali sono sfavorevoli a questa soluzione.
1.2.4) TRATTAMENTO A FREDDO
Allo stato dei fatti la soluzione consigliabile risulta il trattamento a freddo del rifiuto residuo per i seguenti motivi:
1) il trattamento a freddo non ha impatto ambientale, perché è un trattamento meccanico, che opera a temperatura inferiore a 200° C, e non emette gas serra (CO2) nell'atmosfera, ne' altri gas nocivi;
2) realizza in pratica il riciclo totale dei rifiuti, in quanto recupera 93 % dei rifiuti. La frazione finale è un granulato fine, una specie di plastica di 2.a scelta, che viene venduta a prezzi interessanti all'industria della plastica per la realizzazione di manufatti (sedie, panchine, fioriere, dossi stradali, tegole, pallet industriali), oppure all'industria dei manufatti Construction (concrete blocks) instead of silica sand;
3) the investment costs are dramatically lower cost to build an incinerator, as it amounted to a few million €
4) the completion time of a treatment plant is cold few months, compared to the years
needed to build an incinerator
5) a facility of this type create dozens of jobs, against the few units required by the previous types of systems
6) a facility of this type to work properly, it requires the cooperation of local population, and then performs a function environmental education across the population, particularly on students in schools .
2) DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT OF COLD
2.1) DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS (see Table 2)
There are two pre-conditions for we can achieve the proposed process:
condition 1.a : no diapers of the type used in throw-away waste to the plant.
This may be achieved by replacing these materials with diapers / nappies or washable biodegradable
2nd condition: the waste to the plant must have a maximum content of wet waste by 10% . This may be achieved through public information campaign so that they avoid paying the organic waste in the bin of unsorted waste.
The process for the treatment of residual waste is carried out in two lines, placed one in the other series:
1st LINE: PLATFORM FOR SELECTING PACKAGES:
selection of packaging waste (plastic, glass, aluminum, tin).
Through mechanical and manual methods of the 12,000 ton / year entry is retrieved about 7,750 t / y of secondary raw materials, divided into:
- Polyethylene (PE) containers of detergents,
- polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage,
- glass bottles,
- aluminum beer ,
- tin of canned foods,
After this selection advance:
- 1,100 t / a are the differential processing
- about 3,150 t / y of mixed plastic,
in addition to around 22,000 tpa of residual waste and about 3,000 t / y of wood for food going to the 2nd line.
2nd LINE: SELECTION OF SOLID WASTE AND EXTRUSION LINE
- Make a further selection of mechanical and manual 22,000 tpa of residual waste, recovering about 9,000 t / a
- mix the remaining approximately 13,000 tons per year with about 3,150 t / y from the 1st line and about 3,000 t / y of wood,
- shredding, extruding at 200 ° C through a die and simultaneously sanitize plastic mass and dehydrates,
- ; eliminate about 1,300 t / y of water contained remained in the organic fraction in the material.
The final product consists of about 18,200 t / y of fine aggregate in different sizes, depending on the different uses as secondary raw material for the 'use in the plastics and construction products.
Waste recovery process of cold treatment is: 34,950 tons per year (the first line 7750, 9,000 in the second line, fine aggregate 18,200) / 37,000 t / a = 94%.
Given that the amount not recovered consists of 1,100 t / y, as processing waste and by 1,300 t / y of water in the organic material has remained in the that the recovery of total waste: 72,600 t / a / 75,000 t / a = 97%.
2.2) SOME ECONOMIC
list some of the great greatest economic data:
INVESTMENT
-cost machinery 1st line = € 1,500,000
-cost machinery 2nd line = 1,200,000 "
-cost warehouse = 300,000"
-cost land = 200,000 "
-cost connections and permits 200,000 ="
-commercial investment = 500,000 "
total = € 3,900,000
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COSTS:
staff-25 persons x € 40,000 / year = € 1,000,000 / a
-amortized over 5 years = 780,000 "
-Cost of production = 1,460,000 "Cost-
generali, spese amm., oneri fin. = 380.000 “
totale = 3.620.000 €/a
RICAVI:
-da smaltimento
50 €/ ton x 37.000 ton/ anno = 1.850.000 €/a
-da vendita granulato fine
80 €/ ton x 18.200 t/ anno = 1.456.000 “
-da vendita materiale non imballaggio
60.€/ ton x 14.000 t/anno = 840.000 «
totale = 4.146.000 €/a
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2.3) ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED
addition to meeting the technical preconditions, referred to above. 2.1), you must resolve the following issues:
Verbanese-commitment of the Mayors of the plant to deliver its waste (packaging and waste residue) -
-consent to the project by the Province of Verbania
-availability of land needed for the system with the utilities (electric, sewer, etc.)
-commitment of the entrepreneur a costruire ed a gestire, oltreché a finanziare, l'impianto.
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